Synecdoche

 

Synecdoche - A whole is represented by naming one of its parts (genus named for species), or vice versa (species named for genus).

Examples:

bulletThe rustler bragged he'd absconded with five hundred head of longhorns. (Both "head" and "longhorns" are parts of cattle that represent them as wholes.)
 
bulletListen, you've got to come take a look at my new set of wheels (This sentence refers to a vehicle in terms of some of its parts, "wheels".)
 
bullet"He shall think differently," the musketeer threatened, "when he feels the point of my steel." (A sword, the species, is represented by referring to its genus, "steel").
 
bullet "All hands on deck."  (Here, the laborers are referred to as "hands".) 
 
bullet"Thank you Lord for our daily bread."  (Bread as part of the meal.) 

 

 

Metonymy - A reference to something or someone by naming one of its attributes.  (A symbol is used to represent what is being discussed.)

Examples:

bulletThe pen is mightier than the sword (The pen is an attribute of thoughts that are written with a pen; the sword is an attribute of

        military action);

bulletWe await word from the crown.  ("Crown" represents the king who will actually make the decision.) 

 
bulletThe White House (President) has issued a statement....
 
bulletor the press [reporters]....
 
bulletor Buckingham Palace [the queen]

 

The preceding examples are from a post on the AP listserv by Ken Cheney, Patty Adams, and others (Jan. 15, 2006).  Cheney attributes his source as Silva Rhetoricae.  

 

 

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